--Leaf Shapes
lanceolate: a narrow leaf, broadest at the base narrowing toward the apex
ovate: egg shaped with a broad base
oval: broadest at the middle
peltate: a broad, rounded leaf with the petiole attached in the middle of the underside of the leaf blade; umbrella-like
reniform: kidney-shaped; the petiole is attached at the sinus

--Base Shapes
cordate: heart-shaped
oblique: leaf margins do not attach to the petiole evenly
peltate: similar to peltate leaf shape; refers to the attachment of the petiole on the underside of the leaf blade
rounded: broad based
sheathing: the base of the leaf surrounds the stem
truncate: squared base

--Roots
tap roots: the primary root continues straight down the axis of the plant traveling deep into the soil
fibrous roots: the roots resemble fibers, there is no single primary root
tuberous roots: thick, fleshy roots

--Specialized Structures
tubers: a thick, underground stem having numerous buds
rhizomes: a lateral stem growing just beneath or partially beneath the soil line
stolons: an above ground trailing shoot
corm: a thick, solid, underground stem
tunicate bulb: an underground, modified leaf bud with tight concentric layers; used as a storage organ
scaly bulb: an underground modified leaf bud with loose concentric layers; used as a storage organ

Next, read a collection of helpful hints from all over.